a. faḳḥ di-έˀɛfo be-saḳɔ́ṭri yezéˁe men zébreher di-ˀídhɛn díˀʸhen di-ḳenhóyten kor téken ṣáṭľeʰ wa-men deš ṣáṭľeʰ yeˁóreb díˀʸheʰ ḳénho men di-έˀɛfo ‘Some people on Soqotra cut off a bit of skin from the tips of the ears of their enimals to leave a notch; and by that notch one can distinguish one's animal from others’ (CSOL II 6:17)
b. ŝínik ˁážeʰ tóˀo toˀóge díˀseʰ mébrehe ẓ̂óḥotš wa-ˁámok hes ḳéyhɛn wa-ˀaḷ-ˁérob ˁemέroʰ ˁérob ‘I saw how a woman beat her child and caused him pain. I told her: “He is small and does not understand”. She said: “He understands”’ (Bulakh et al. 2021 276)
c. éremk tóˀo gédaḥk ešḳabítin be-madrásaʰ aḷ-ˁérobk ḷeḷέ be-ḳaľám súwa ˁaf yaˁárob tho díˀʸho medárres ‘When I came to the school to study, I did not know how to hold the pen, not until the teacher showed me’ (CSOL II 1:85)
d. wa-ṭáľiḳ díˀʸheʰ ˁážeʰ tóˀo ˁérob énneʰ díˀʸheʰ ˁážeʰ teŝorífin kidbát ‘And he repudiated his wife when he learned that she had been making false accusations against his daughter’ (CSOL II 6:23)
e. ˁérob ber ˁad yéḥeḷ nḥaṭ ḳárḳehɛr ˁáfer ‘He knows someday he’ll be under the red soiľ (CSOL II 30:18)
f. wa-tóˀo ˁö́mor ˁag díˀʸheʰ temtíľoʰ ˁérob ˁag šɛm díˀʸheʰ di-bíyoʰ ‘When the man started to recite the poem, the man (the host) recognized his mother’s name’ (CSOL I 4:21)
g. wa-gedóḥoʰ éľľehe diˀáḷ ˁag díˀʸheʰ di-ḳáˁar wa-ˁerέbes ber díˀʸho ‘One day there was an abundant rain, and one cow came to a man, to his house, and he knew it was mine’ (Naumkin et al. 2013a:72)
h. gédaḥ dáḫtar di-ḳáˁar yéṣtet gáˁyehɛr wa-reˁémeʸh έˀɛfo ber aḷ-ˁérob ‘A doctor came to the house to examine the sick people, but they suspected he was not competent’ (CSOL I 6:45)
pass. ˁírɛb (yeˁúrob/ľiˁrób)
‘To know how to (jussive)’: c.
‘To know that...’:
- with énne: d
- with ber: e.
‘To recognize’: f.
‘To distinguish something/somebody from something/somebody (men)’: a.
The perfect forms of the verb are regularly used to refer to the present situation (see examples b, e).
From Proto-MSA *γrb ‘to know’, whose only direct cognate is Sab. γrb ‘to know, to be aware of, to recognize’. For possible further parallels see Bulakh 2013. Contra Leslau (LS 325), certainly unrelated to Arb. ˁrf ‘to know’.