v. (Ia)

a. áwwaľ kánoʰ di-ˀiẓ̂hamítin ḷe-ḥaʰ be-rókeb ‘In earlier times, in Rokeb there lived di-Izhamitin’ (CSOL I 8:1)

b. dékerk énneʰ kɔn ṭaʰ ‘I remember that it was like that’ (CSOL II 1:26)

c. ˁemέroʰ heʸh inέm kɔn inέm bíľeʰ di-kánoʰ šek ‘She said: “How’s that? What happened to you?”’ (CSOL II 4:35)

d. ˁéyyek ḷákɛn ínoʰ še mɛľ ‘I want  to become rich (lit. I want to be (in such a state) that I have got property)’ (CSOL I 25:5)

e. ṭánˀeʰ kenétoʰ mes ˁáyni ṣefr ‘Her eyes were like this - yellow’ (CSOL I 28:18) 

f. taˁáḳaḷš ˁaf ľákɛn záḥi ‘Let it (he calf) live till it becomes big’ (CSOL I 8:18)

g. áṭif mes aˁṣáboʰ ˁaf téken tóˀo moḥóyeṭ ‘He sharpened its branches so they were like needles’ (CSOL I 24:17) 

h. kɔn šeʸh ṭad múgšem ‘He had one son’ (CSOL I 6:3)

i. éndakk nɔ́fin e-ḫádem ˁasέ yéken meʸh mébrehe ‘I gave myself up to a servant, (hoping that) perhaps a child would be begotten from him’ (CSOL I 6:3)

j. ifúḷ yíken bes ‘What should become of this (the root)?’ (CSOL II 23:8)

k. wa-ḥágeb yéken di-ke-bóde gášaḷ wa-ḷaṭ fέrfɛr ‘And the sapling first becomes a gášaḷ, then a fέrfɛr’ (CSOL II 9:12) 

l. fɔ́ne be-zemán yaˁámer sáṭahan ɛtíhi be-meḳádemaʰ di-ŝáṭrohor ľiˀénneʰ šárɛḳ di-kɔn ‘In former times, the sultan used to gather the chiefs of the tribes when a theft had taken place’ (CSOL I 26:1)

Note the irregular jussive form ľákɛn, corresponding to jussive forms of stem IV.

As an existential copula (a).

As an equative copula (k).

As a copula of attributive predication (e, f).

As a copula of predicative possessive construction (the possessor is introduced by ke-) (h).

‘To happen’ (b, c, l).

‘To happen to someone (ke-)’ (c).

‘To happen to something (be-)’ (j).

‘To be, to become in a certain state’ (d).

With an inchoative nuance (‘to become’) (f).

‘To issue from (men), to be begotten’ (i).

‘To be or reach a certain size, amount, etc.’:

kɔn gézhɛr di-ˀóˀoz men ľhénˁaʰ men saˁ ‘(The milk) from these nine (goats) was (enough to fill) a large skin vesseľ (CSOL I 29:35)

‘To take care of someone (be-), to be occupied with someone (be-)’: 
wa-ḥan ḷaṭ néken béʸhen wa-neḥarógʸhen ḷe-rázdeʰ di-gáḥi ‘And we will take care of them (the donkeys), and will make them go down the road of the wadi’ (Bulakh et al. 2021:265-266);

ˁéyyek ḷebˁóḷš wa-ˀéken beš ‘I want to marry you, and I will take care of you’ (CSOL II 28:35) 

‘To be a relative of someone (e-)’:

ẓ̂áḷaˁ e-ṭad di-yíken heʸh ‘He told one of his relatives’ (CSOL I 2:23)

‘To be a relative of someone (ḷe-)’:

gédeḥ tho ľheʰ iľ-yíken ḥe ‘My relatives came to me’ (CSOL II 24:12a)

‘To fit someone (e-)’:

éyyek ľiḥró énhi men ˁážeʰ deš di-téken hes deš ṣándaľeʰ ‘I want a search for the woman whom this sandal fits’ (CSOL II 20:39)

Rarely as an auxiliary in analytic constructions:

wa-ˁággi kánoʰ yemɛtíľon kaˀḷáʸhi be-ˁamḳ di-ˀέˀɛfo ‘And the two men were talking among (other) people’ (CSOL II 23:37)

kɔn di- ‘to be (indeclinable) as if’:

wa-reḥábhen kɔn ʸheʰ di-ˀaḷ ŝíni ‘And Rehabhen pretended that he did not see (this) (lit. was as if he were someone who did not see)’ (CSOL I 3:11)

kɔn ho náˁaʰ di-ˀaḷ šö́baṭk ˁans ‘It was as if then I was not afraid of her’ (CSOL II 17:15)

fáḥre tóˀo kɔn ‘all, in the entirety, all and every’:

ˁaf téken tóˀo moḥóyeṭ fáḥre tóˀo kánoʰ ‘...till it (the tree, that is, its branches) became like needles, all of it’ (CSOL I 24:17)