a. keʰ gédaḥk men ẓ̂ayέfɛʰ wa-ˀi ˁaš aḷ-téteˀš egášaḷ meš ŝérhon ‘If I come back from the feast before you've finished this, I'll break your legs’ (CSOL II 20:14)
b. géšoḷ ṭad ľoḥ wa-ˁemέreʸh móḳdif ‘He broke a board and made an oar out of it’ (field notes)
c. geméḥes ˁeyyúg wa-géšeḷ mes ri ‘The men caught it (the goat) and cut off its head’ (CSOL I 2:49)
d. keʰ ṣámik tegášaḷ ménhi éṣbeˁ wa-tšónis ‘When I die, break off my finger and plant it.’ (CSOL II 4:2)
‘To break off, to cut off’ (c, d)
Can be used with the meaning ‘to bruise’: géšoḷk énhi éˀed di-ˁouyέghɛn ‘You have entirely bruised the boy’s arm!’ (Bulakh 2024:131).
The subject of the active verb is the person who breaks something, as in géšoḷ ˁag ménhi éˀed ‘A man broke my arm’. The subject of the inactive verb is either the broken limb or the patient himself (in the latter case the limb is introduced asyndetically): gišέḷoʰ ménhi éˀed or géšɛḷk éˀed ‘I broke my arm’.
- gášaḷ 1. side, piece; 2. first stage of growth of a palm sapling
- góšiľ or gέšiľ to break (several objects or into several parts)
- géšɛḷ to be broken