كٞ
ke-
basic morphological information

prep.

with
с
مع
LS 211; CSOL I 573; CSOL II 495; Naumkin et al. 2015a:73
text examples

ṭad ˁag fɔ́ne be-zemán báˁaḷ ˁážeʰ wa-ḥaľ ses ḥa ḥaľ ses méddaʰ báˁad-aḷ ḥaľ fotérek éˀefo wa-ken méskon ‘A long time ago, there was a man who married a woman and dwelt with her for some time. After he had dwelt with her for some time, the people found themselves living in want, they became poor’ (CSOL I 1:1)

semantic notes

ho ke-nɔ́fin ‘I know what I’m doing (lit. I am with myself)’:

ˁámok heʸh yɔ aḷ-taḥtít tebóḷeg éˀed ˁö́mor bek ho ke-nɔ́fin aḷ-ˁak teróben énhi ‘I said to him: “Don’t be shy! Move your hand!” But he answered:“I know what I’m doing, no need to advise me”’ (CSOL II 30:15)

other notes

 

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

1

še

šíˀho

šíki

škíˀki

šin

keníˀḥan

2 m.

šek

 

kekέ (šekέ)

šíki

škíˀti

šéken

škéˀten

2 f.

šeš

keší

3 m.

šey (šiš)

kešέ 

šéyhi

kešíˀyhi

šéyhen

kešéˀyhen

3 f.

ses

kesέ 

sésen

kséˀsen

Comitative.

Predicative possessive

Locative/applicative.

Locative/applicative/possessive (“at one’s disposal,” “in one’s surroundings,” etc.).

Applicative.

Benefactive.

ke-nhɔfš ‘with himself’; ‘by himself, separate, independent’:

di-ke-bóde ‘at the beginning’ > bóde

ke-bέdi ‘as soon as, immediately’ > bέdi

ḷémo + ke- ‘how happy (you are)’ > ḷémo

etymology
Proto-MSA *kV- with
continental MSA
  • Mhr. k-/kə- with; at, in (of time)
  • Jib. k- with