1.
a. ḳarére díˀʸheʰ ḷe-zɛm gédaḥ ˁag wa-séhen wáľľamat heʸh sɛm wa-wáľľamat heʸh ḫámar dáḫḫaľat tóʸhi be-ṭahedédši wa-seʰ bíroʰ ṭahɛ́roʰ diˀáḷ ṭad wustád ḷe-ḥaʰ kor yeḥáṭor ˁag wa-zéˁe kẽyʰ taˁľimát kor teˁóḷebš ‘The next day at the same time he came. And she prepared for him some poison and some wine, and mixed them together. (For she had gone to a wise man earlier in order to learn how to put the man to sleep, and she received instructions on how to castrate him)’ (CSOL I 1:11)
b. wa-téḷoy hek di-bek énkaˁk ‘She will hold for you what you bring home’ (CSOL I 20:11-12)
c. mérgheľ di-men bɛr aḷ-deʰ di-ber bes ‘(We need) a stone from outside, not one which is already there’ (CSOL I 1:33)
d. ˁémer taˁámer kéľme ˁam bek záḥi wa-ˀétek ḷe-mákon ‘They said: “Make your vow, because you are already a grown-up uncircumcised boy and you have passed by the Makon”’ (CSOL I 2:13)
e. ṭin di-tebáḷhen ḷaḷ taˁámerš ṭádaˁ di-ḳáˁar aḷ-bíroʰ ráḳaḥ meʸh ḳáˁar ‘The clay in such-and-such place, if you put it on a house, the house will not leak anymore thanks to it’ (CSOL II 27:7)
2.
a. ˁö́mor ya aḷḷá bek ho ˁéyyek heš ‘He said: “Oh my God! I want you too!”’ (CSOL I 26:27)
b. bek έˀɛrho tö́bod ‘Indeed, you are lying’ (CSOL II 23:39)
c. bek ho ke-nɔ́fin ‘Indeed, I know what I am doing (lit. Indeed I am with myself)’ (CSOL II 30:15)
A copulative verb used only in the perfect.
As an auxiliary of an analytic construction “ber + perfect” with the meaning of pluperfect (1a); pluperfect referring to the future situation (1b).
As an auxiliary of an analytic construction “(aḷ) ber + imperfect” with the meaning ‘(not) anymore’ (1e).
As a copulative verb with the meaning ‘to be already’: locative (1c); attributive (1d).
As a predicative element with the meaning ‘indeed’ (with perfect) (2a); (with imperfect) (2b); (in a verbless sentence)’ (2c).