From Arb. kurkum- ‘saffron’, see further Yemeni tikarkam ‘to be pale (yellow) of anger’, Mhr. kerkēm ‘orange-yellow dye’, Jib. kɛrkúm ‘yellow dye’ and, outside Arabia, Syr. kurkmānā ‘crocicolor’, ˀetkarkam ‘rubuit’ etc. (see Bulakh 2019:176‒177). For the ultimate origin of the Arabic term see Noonan 2019:132–133, Bulakh 2019:175‒177.