ڸٞـ
ḷe-
basic morphological information

prep.

on, over, against
на, над
على
LS 227; CSOL I 598; CSOL II 522 – 523
text examples

yeˁúmor ˁeʸh ˁarέbeʰ wa-ḷaṭ yederében ˁeʸh méžrod wáľľa šebák kor yóuṭar ˁan ḳenhóyten wa-ˁan embóryeʰ ľheʰ ḳéyhon ‘A stone enclosure is made around it, on which palm ribs or netting is placed to make it impenetrable to animals and small children’ (CSOL II 10:2)

morphological notes

 

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

1

ḥe

ḥéyho ˁeyki ˁekíˀki ˁin ḥéyḥan

2 m.

ˁek

ˁekέ ˁeyki ˁekíˀti ˁéken ˁekéˀten

2 f.

ˁeš

ˁeší

3 m.

ˁeʸh (ˁiš)

ˁešέ ˁéʸhi ˁešíˀʸhi ˁéʸhen ˁešéˀʸhen

3 f.

ˁes

ˁesέ ˁésen ˁeséˀsen

​​​​​

other notes

Terminative (‘to, towards’):

tóˀo hέmen tesóri ḷe-méḳṣeʰ édof ˁes bedíḷhɛḷ di-dénob wa-keḷéˀes di-ˀórem ‘When the other cow almost fell into the precipice, he caught it by the tip of its tail and brought it back onto the path’ (CSOL II 1:32);

Locative (‘at, near; in’):

ˁö́mor bass bíhid ˁánhi bass ezóˁom έhɛ ḥatóˀo ḷe-máˁẓ̂ad di-ḳáˁar wa-ˀaḷ-ˀóˁod idéš ‘He said: “All right, just let me spend the night there, near the doorpost, and I will not approach you”’ (CSOL II 1:141);

Temporal:

aḷ-ˁak šéken deʰ ḷe-ˁáṣar ‘I will be with you no more at this time tomorrow’ (CSOL II 6:17)

‘At, in the process of doing something (with a verbal noun)’:

ˁö́mor wa-ḷaṭ tšáḳam ḷe-ḥíṣoʰ ˁaf ˁamḳ di-ḥteʰ wa-ḷaṭ tédom ‘And he continued: “Then she stays awake until the middle of the night sewing, and only then does she go to sleep’ (CSOL II 15:23)

‘For, because of’:

ezˁémoʰ ḥánˀeʰ ˁážeʰ wa-díˀseʰ bέbɛʰ wa-seʰ kúľľeʰ yom tö́boš díˀseʰ ḷe-muṭáľľaḳ ‘So they went on like that, the woman and her father, and every day she wept about her husband who divorced her’ (CSOL II 1:135)

‘About, concerning’:

ḷeteˁéyhen wa-ktob ˁéʸhen énneʰ íľľi ḳetáľ ˁadúww as-suľṭán múgšem bɛr diˀegέḷed ‘He defeated them and left this inscription about them: “The one who defeated the enemy of the sultan was the son of Cowhide”’ (CSOL II 1:121)

‘Against’:

yɔʰ mɔn šíˀho ḷe-ˁebéroʰ ‘Who is with me against this generation’ (CSOL II 5:1)

Denoting duty, obligation:

wa-díˀʸheʰ ˁážeʰ aḷ-ˁad ˁes kaḷ tezóˁom wa-tsɛ ‘As for his wife, she was just staying there and eating’ (CSOL II 15:9)

Malefactive:

wa-ḥére έˀɛfo ľáḳaˁ wa-ˀaḷ-ḳaˁ wa-di-ˀaḷḳaˁ yezáˁa ˁeʸh díˀʸheʰ mέľ ‘And they tried to solve the riddle, but could not; and whoever could not solve the riddle, the boy took from him his wealth’ (CSOL II 4:7)

etymology
Proto-MSA *lV- against, on
continental MSA
  • Mhr. l-/lə- against, on
  • Jib. l- for, against, on to