v. 

a. ˁédoʰ še díˀʸho di-bórhe ‘There is still with me one who bore me (= I still have my mother)’ (CSOL I 10:3)

b. ˁémer ˁad šek ˁam tétek ˁö́mor aḷ-ˁad ‘They asked: “Is there anything else or have you finished?” He said: “There is nothing else”’ (CSOL I 2:18)

c. wa-ˁak ḳaḷ áˁbork tos éˀed ‘But since I was still young, I extended my hand to her’ (CSOL I 18:10)

d. ɛʰ ˁak záḥi ˁam bek ḥⁱtɛnk ‘Are you uncircumcised or have you been circumcised?’ (CSOL I 2:11)

e. wa-ˁag ˁad yíroy mes ŝḥaf ‘The man went on drinking its milk’ (CSOL II 7:33)

f. wa-ˁak aḥáṣaḳ be-sémmo ‘I will come back to Semmo’ (CSOL II 24:12e)

g. ˁö́mor ŝíbɛb ˁáden neróben ‘The old man said: “We’ll think this over”’ (CSOL I 6:7)

h. šɔm men énhor aḷ-ˁad ṣö́bor ŝíbɛb ˁan díˀʸheʰ óˀozi ‘The day among days came when the old man couldn’t bear being without his two goats anymore’ (CSOL I 6:40)

i. di-ˀéṣbaḥ ˁes ḷe-méṭreʰ baḷ ľinkéˁ έˀɛfo fáḥre temóḷe ḳáŝˁer wa-di-ḷeṭ gédaḥ id-ḥaʰ aḷ-ˁad yekóse ŝi ‘Whoever came to it at dawn before all the other people, it could fill his water-skin; but those who came later would not find anything anymore’ (CSOL I 7:2)

j. ḥiróˀo tšemáṭɛ ˁeʸh férod aḷ-ˁédoʰ miṭóˀotš ‘She (the snake) tried to catch him, but he fled and it could not catch him’ (CSOL I 24:28)

k. ˁeŝ ḳáẓ̂i wa-ˀékob di-ṣandúḳ wa-ʸheʰ aḷ-ḷɛhɛ́mes ˁad ‘He stood up and got in the chest, without even having touched her’ (CSOL I 26:55)

l. wa-ˀaḷ-ˀö́ḳark ˁak díˀʸho ḷe-ˁážeʰ ‘And I haven’t even entered to my wife (as yet)!’ (CSOL I 25:40)

m. wa-díˀsen bɛ́bɛʰ ˁad aḷ-gédaḥ ‘And their father had not yet come back (from the sea)’ (CSOL I 29:31)

A copulative verb used only in the perfect.

In analytic constructions, ˁad is usually in preposition to the main verb, the reverse order is rare (k).

semi-copula of existence (‘there is still/also’) (a, b)

equative/attributive semi-copula (‘to be still X’) (c, d)

ˁad + imperfect ‘to continue doing something’ (e)

ˁad + imperfect ‘to do something in future’ (f, g)

negation marker + ˁad + main verb ‘not to do any more’ (h, i)

negation marker + ˁad + main verb ‘not to do at all, not to accomplish’ (j, k)

negation marker + ˁad + perfect ‘not to do something as yet’ (l, m)

maḷ (menáḷ) ˁad + imperfect ‘while’:

wa-maḷ ˁad yeḥéľen nέhɛr ṭeʸh šɔm ḷe-ŝorṭ di-ḳáˁar ‘While travelling, he once passed by a house’ (CSOL I 15:4)

aḷ-ˁad ˁaf + imperfect ‘as soon as; shortly before’: 

aḷ-ˁad ˁaf yɛˀɛróḥo ṭaḥ neŝɛ́ro óˀorem ‘As soon as they reached the shore, she left him behind on the road’ (CSOL I 1:58)

aḷ-ˁad ˁaf + adverb + perfect ‘as soon as; shortly before’: 

aḷ-ˁad ˁaf ḷe-múɣreb gédaḥ raḥ wa-ˀouḳásɛn ‘Before the sun had set, there came a strong wind blowing graveľ (CSOL I 8:32)

aḷ-ˁad béḷog ˁaf + imperfect ‘he did not stop untiľ = ‘after some time’:

hóhon ṭáhɛrk men biľád wa-ˀaḷ-ˁak béḷokk men ḥatóˀo ˁaf egodíḥin di-maˁábaẓ̂ ‘Once I set off from Hadibo and after a while I came to Maʿabaz’ (CSOL II 23:27)

aḷ-ˁad béḷog ˁaf + adverb ‘he did not stop untiľ = ‘he could not wait untiľ: 

wa-ṭáhɛr ˁag wa-ˀaḷ-ˁad béḷog ˁaf ḳarére ‘So the man went home and could barely wait for the next day’ (CSOL I 1:10)

aḷ-ˁad béḷog men ḥaʰ ‘he did not stop doing this’: 

ṭáhɛr wa-ˀaḷ-ˁad béḷog men ḥaʰ wa-yóˁod mes ḷe-deʰ di-ḥatóˀo mes ḷe-megmέgeʰ ḷe-ˀarẓ̂ di-ḥóyhi ‘He went along the root, pulling at it all the time, following its track on the ground’ (CSOL II 23:16)

aḷ-ˁad kaḷ ‘only, nothing else except’: 

aḷ-ˁad kaḷ seʰ di-šɛˀɛbído ḥaʰ fáḥre tóˀo kɔn ‘There was nothing but she (the snake) in that place, which she occupied in its entirety’ (CSOL I 24:14)

(de) di-ˁad ‘the remaining one(s)’: 

ẓ̂ábi tegmáḥ ḥaʰ wa-ẓ̂ábi tegmáḥ be-ˀed wa-ẓ̂ábi tegmáḥ be-ŝɔb wa-ẓ̂ábi be-deʰ di-ˁad kaḷ ri ‘Let her catch me here, let her catch my hand, let her catch my foot, let her catch anything else except my head’ (CSOL I 18:30)